Coalition Statement & Letter: UN Human Rights Council Lends Support to US Regime Change Plans for Nicaragua
2024
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To the United Nations Human Rights Council:
The report of the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua (GHREN), released by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) on February 28, 2024,[1] is methodologically flawed, biased and should never have been published.
This is the second report by the GHREN. The first, published in March 2023, was condemned in a letter signed by many prominent human rights experts and by 119 organizations and 573 individuals.[2] This letter was totally ignored.
The Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition submitted detailed evidence to the GHREN on the errors and omissions in their first report. These submissions received no response, nor are they acknowledged in the new report. Clearly, the GHREN takes into account only evidence that is supplied by opponents of Nicaragua’s government. This renders absurd the study group’s claim to exercise “independence, impartiality, objectivity, transparency, integrity.” In this context, the former UN Independent Expert on International Order [2012-2018], Alfred de Zayas, commented to the Coalition that “excluding pertinent information submitted to the study group is a breach of responsible methodology, a violation of the ethos of every judicial or quasi-judicial investigation.”
Despite the requirement to examine “all alleged human rights violations and abuses committed in Nicaragua since April 2018,” the first report minimized the prolonged and severe violence of opposition groups in 2018. The second report ignores it completely. While claiming to have made 642 interviews with victims, none appear to come from the thousands who suffered opposition violence.
The one-sided presentation leads to the conclusion that the government’s response to the coup attempt aimed to “incapacitate any opposition” by using “arbitrary detention.” In reality, the Nicaraguan government was taking precautionary measures to protect civilians’ human right to security by restoring and maintaining the peace in the country, in the streets and in institutions. The Coalition’s evidence to the GHREN had multiple examples of crimes being committed that led to such detentions, including eye-witness accounts.
The report notes that there was an amnesty in 2019 for those detained and found guilty of crimes, including homicide, during the coup attempt. However, it portrays the amnesty as benefiting state actors, when in fact its main beneficiaries, as part of the government’s reconciliation efforts, were more than 400 violent opposition figures, including coup organizers (e.g. Medardo Mairena, who organized murderous attacks on police stations).
The report refers to detentions and trials of government opponents as “arbitrary”, makes no attempt to assess their claims of innocence, and does not indicate that many were given amnesty in 2019. The amnesty was conditional on their abstaining from violence. The GHREN fails to note that those who complied with it have resumed normal lives.[3]
The report focuses on action taken against some elements of the Catholic church with no reference to the key role played by many in the church in the violence of 2018. Some clerics used church buildings to hold hostages on behalf of the opposition and to store weapons and supplies for those manning the violent roadblocks. Various bishops and priests were active organizers of the coup attempt, and some priests oversaw acts of violence and torture and attempted to conceal them.[4] Many of these acts were documented in our previous evidence to the GHREN. Through 2023, overt political actions by some church figures continued, in some cases encouraging government opponents to launch violent attacks, as in the case of Bishop Rolando Álvarez. Yet government efforts to control these actions are labelled as “repression”.
Similar criticisms apply to the GHREN’s treatment of other groups such as students and the so-called “campesino movement”.
The authors of the report should have proactively sought other points of view and incorporated the vast evidence concerning foreign interference in the internal affairs of Nicaragua by US interests. As it stands, this report feeds into the Washington-driven demonization of the Nicaragua authorities, and fails to take into account the wishes of the majority of the Nicaraguan people. The report feeds into an effort at facilitating undemocratic regime change and a return to the Somoza years. The drafters of the report should have taken into account the continued validity of the 1986 judgement of the International Court of Justice in the Nicaragua v. United States case [5] and conscientiously inquired into the root causes of the problems faced by the Nicaraguan people today. In this context, reference to Article 19 of the Charter of the Organization of American States is appropriate, since the United States is an OAS member:
“No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State. The foregoing principle prohibits not only armed force but also any other form of interference or attempted threat against the personality of the State or against its political, economic, and cultural elements.” [6]
In the spirit of the UN Charter, the Human Rights Council should endeavour to give advisory services and technical assistance to the Nicaraguan people instead of exacerbating an atmosphere of confrontation.
As the Government of Nicaragua’s response to the GHREN report points out,[7] it also completely disregards the huge advances in Nicaraguan’s human rights in respect of education, health and housing; the fight against extreme poverty; the provision of legal, citizen and food security, and the protection of the most vulnerable sectors of the population. Instead, the report is an attempt to use a multilateral human rights body to lend legitimacy to a regime change campaign and to justify further sanctions, which already violate Nicaraguans’ socioeconomic rights and frustrate the achievement of UN development goals.
Alfred de Zayas commented that the GHREN was set up for the purpose of “naming and shaming” the Nicaraguan government, not for objective investigation.[8] It is imperative that the UN Human Rights Council return to objectivity and professionalism. The report is one more example of the need for radical reform of the United Nations, as demanded by the former President of the UN General Assembly Assembly and member of the Advisory Committee to the Human Rights Council,, the Nicaraguan Padre Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann.
We also condemn the US government’s hypocrisy when, in welcoming the report, it claimed to “support Nicaragua’s journey back to a productive democracy.” For years now, the US government has been actively trying to undermine Nicaraguan democracy through regime change tactics, such as directly financing and helping plan the violent coup attempt in 2018, attempting to undermine Nicaragua’s democratic elections in 2021, and imposing ever more illegal economic coercive measures on the country.
Finally, it is astonishing that the GHREN’s report, falsely and ridiculously accusing Nicaragua of “crimes against humanity”, is welcomed by Western governments while they actively promote real crimes against humanity in Palestine.
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[1] UN Human Rights Council (2024) Report of the Group of Human Rights Experts on Nicaragua (available at www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/ghre-nicaragua/index).
[2] See bit.ly/NicaUN2024
[3] Examples from the violent takeover of the city of Masaya include one of its leaders, Santiago Fajardo, and Carlos Caistes, who participated in the torture and murder of a police officer. Both have been at liberty since 2019.
[4] The most egregious example of involvement by church figures in extreme violence, the prolonged torture and burning alive of police officer Gabriel Vado, which two Catholic priests attempted to conceal, was referred to in a few words as a “death” in the first report. None of the incidents of church involvement in violence are even mentioned in the second report.
[5] See https://icj-cij.org/case/70
[6] See https://www.oas.org/en/sla/dil/inter_american_treaties_A-41_charter_OAS.asp
[8] De Zayas, A. (2023) The Human Rights Industry. Atlanta: Clarity Press.
Declaración y carta de la Coalición: Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU presta apoyo a los planes de cambio de régimen contra Nicaragua
Inglés Arriba
Al Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas:
El informe del Grupo de Expertos en Derechos Humanos sobre Nicaragua (GHREN por sus siglas en inglés), publicado por el Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas (CDHNU) el 28 de febrero de 2024 [1], es metodológicamente defectuoso, sesgado y nunca debería haberse publicado.
Este es el Segundo informe del GHREN. El primero, publicado en marzo de 2023, fue denunciado en una carta firmada por muchos distinguidos expertos de derechos humanos, por 119 organizaciones y por 573 individuos [2]. Esa carta de protesta fue totalmente ignorada.
La Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition (Coalición de Solidaridad con Nicaragua; la Coalición) presentó pruebas detalladas al GHREN sobre los errores y omisiones de su primer informe. Estas comunicaciones no recibieron respuesta; tampoco son reconocidos en el nuevo informe. Es evidente que el GHREN sólo toma en cuenta las pruebas aportadas por los opositores al gobierno de Nicaragua. Esto hace absurda la pretensión del grupo de estudio de ejercer “independencia, imparcialidad, objetividad, transparencia, integridad”. En este contexto, el antiguo Experto Independiente de la ONU sobre Orden Internacional [2012-2018], Alfred de Zayas, comentó a esta Coalición que “excluir la información pertinente presentada al grupo de estudio es una violación de la metodología responsable, una violación de la ética de toda investigación judicial o cuasijudicial.”
A pesar de la exigencia de examinar “todas las presuntas violaciones y abusos contra los derechos humanos cometidos en Nicaragua desde abril de 2018”, el primer informe minimizó la prolongada y grave violencia de los grupos opositores en 2018. El segundo informe la ignora por completo. Aunque afirma haber realizado 642 entrevistas con víctimas, ninguna parece provenir de los miles que sufrieron la violencia opositora.
Esta presentación unilateral lleva a la conclusión de que la respuesta del gobierno al intento de golpe de estado tenía como objetivo “incapacitar a cualquier oposición” mediante el uso de “detenciones arbitrarias”. En realidad, el gobierno nicaragüense estaba tomando medidas cautelares para proteger el derecho humano de los civiles a la seguridad mediante el restablecimiento y mantenimiento de la paz en el país, en las calles y en las instituciones. Las pruebas aportadas por la Coalición al GHREN contenían múltiples ejemplos de delitos cometidos que dieron lugar a tales detenciones, incluidos relatos de testigos presenciales.
El informe señala que en 2019 hubo una amnistía para los detenidos y declarados culpables de delitos, incluido el homicidio, durante el intento de golpe de estado. Sin embargo, presenta la amnistía como beneficiosa para los actores estatales, cuando en realidad sus principales beneficiarios, como parte de los esfuerzos de reconciliación del gobierno, fueron más de 400 personajes violentos de la oposición, incluidos los organizadores del golpe (por ejemplo, Medardo Mairena, quien organizó ataques asesinos contra comisarías de policía).
El informe se refiere a las detenciones y juicios de opositores al gobierno como “arbitrarios”, no hace ningún intento de evaluar sus alegaciones de inocencia y no indica que a muchos se les concedió la amnistía en 2019. La amnistía estaba condicionada a que se abstuvieran de la violencia. El GHREN no menciona que quienes sí cumplieron han reanudado su vida normal [3].
El informe se centra en las medidas adoptadas contra algunos elementos de la Iglesia católica, sin hacer referencia al papel clave desempeñado por varios personajes católicos en la violencia de 2018. Algunos clérigos utilizaron edificios eclesiásticos para retener rehenes en nombre de la oposición y almacenar armas y suministros para quienes tripulaban los violentos tranques (bloqueos de carreteras). Varios obispos y sacerdotes fueron organizadores activos de la intentona golpista; algunos sacerdotes incluso supervisaron actos de violencia y tortura e intentaron ocultarlos [4]. Muchos de estos actos fueron documentados en nuestras pruebas anteriores al GHREN. Hasta 2023, continuaron las acciones políticas abiertas por parte de algunas figuras eclesiásticas, en algunos casos animando a los opositores al gobierno a lanzar ataques violentos, como en el caso del obispo Rolando Álvarez. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos del gobierno por controlar estas acciones se califican de “represión”.
Críticas similares se aplican al tratamiento que el GHREN da a otros grupos como los estudiantes y el llamado “movimiento campesino”.
Los autores del informe deberían haber buscado proactivamente otros puntos de vista y haber incorporado las numerosas pruebas relativas a la injerencia extranjera en los asuntos internos de Nicaragua por parte de intereses estadounidenses. Tal y como está, este informe alimenta la demonización de las autoridades nicaragüenses impulsada por Washington y no tiene en cuenta los deseos de la mayoría del pueblo nicaragüense. El informe contribuye a facilitar un cambio de régimen no democrático y un retorno a los años de Somoza. Los redactores del informe deberían haber tenido en cuenta la vigencia de la sentencia de 1986 de la Corte Internacional de Justicia en el caso Nicaragua contra Estados Unidos [5] e indagar concienzudamente en las causas profundas de los problemas a los que se enfrenta hoy el pueblo nicaragüense. En este contexto, resulta apropiada la referencia al artículo 19 de la Carta de la Organización de Estados Americanos, ya que Estados Unidos es miembro de la OEA:
“Ningún Estado o grupo de Estados tiene derecho de intervenir, directa o indirectamente, y sea cual fuere el motivo, en los asuntos internos o externos de cualquier otro. El principio anterior excluye no solamente la fuerza armada, sino también cualquier otra forma de injerencia o de tendencia atentatoria de la personalidad del Estado, de los elementos políticos, económicos y culturales que lo constituyen.” [6]
En el espíritu de la Carta de la ONU, el Consejo de Derechos Humanos debería esforzarse por prestar servicios de asesoramiento y asistencia técnica al pueblo nicaragüense en lugar de exacerbar un ambiente de confrontación.
Como señala la respuesta del Gobierno de Nicaragua al informe del GHREN [7], éste también ignora por completo los enormes avances logrados en favor de los derechos humanos de los nicaragüenses en materia de educación, salud y vivienda; la lucha contra la pobreza extrema; la provisión de seguridad jurídica, ciudadana y alimentaria; y la protección de los sectores más vulnerables de la población. Por el contrario, el informe es un intento de utilizar un organismo multilateral de derechos humanos para dar legitimidad a una campaña de cambio de régimen y justificar más medidas coercitivas económicas, que ya violan los derechos socioeconómicos de los nicaragüenses y frustran la consecución de los objetivos de desarrollo de la ONU.
Alfred de Zayas ha comentado que el GHREN se creó con el propósito de “nombrar y avergonzar” al gobierno nicaragüense, no para hacer una investigación objetiva [8]. Es imperativo que El Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU vuelva a la objetividad y a la profesionalidad. Este informe es un ejemplo más de la necesidad de una reforma radical de las Naciones Unidas, como exigió el ex Presidente de la Asamblea General de la ONU y miembro del Comité Asesor del Consejo de Derechos Humanos, el nicaragüense Padre Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann.
También condenamos la hipocresía del gobierno estadounidense cuando, al acoger el informe con beneplácito, afirmó “apoyar el retorno de Nicaragua a una democracia productiva”. Desde hace años, el gobierno de Estados Unidos ha activamente intentado socavar la democracia nicaragüense a través de varias tácticas de cambio de régimen, como son: financiar directamente y ayudar a planificar el violento intento de golpe de Estado de 2018, intentar socavar las elecciones democráticas de Nicaragua en 2021 e imponer contra el país medidas económicas coercitivas cada vez más ilegales.
Por último, quedamos atónitos al ver que este informe del GHREN, que acusa falsa y ridículamente a Nicaragua de “crímenes de lesa humanidad”, sea acogido con satisfacción por los gobiernos de los países occidentales, los que promueven activamente los verdaderos crímenes de lesa humanidad en Palestina.
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[1] Consejo de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas (2024) Informe del Grupo de Expertos en Derechos Humanos sobre Nicaragua(disponible en: https://www.ohchr.org/es/hr-bodies/hrc/ghre-nicaragua/index).
[2] Ver bit.ly/NicaONU2024
[3] Los ejemplos incluyen a dos actores en la toma violenta de la ciudad de Masaya. Uno de los líderes de la acción, Santiago Fajardo, junto con Carlos Caistes, quien participó en la tortura y asesinato de un policía, han estado en libertad desde 2019.
[4] El ejemplo más atroz de implicación de figuras eclesiásticas en actos de violencia extrema, fue la prolongada tortura y quema en vida del agente de policía Gabriel Vado, que dos sacerdotes católicos intentaron ocultar. Esto fue calificado en pocas palabras como una “muerte” en el primer informe, mientras que no se menciona siquiera ninguno de los incidentes de implicación eclesiástica en la violencia en el segundo informe.
[5] Ver https://icj-cij.org/case/70
[6] Ver https://www.oas.org/en/sla/dil/inter_american_treaties_A-41_charter_OAS.asp
[8] De Zayas, A. (2023) The Human Rights Industry. Atlanta: Clarity Press.
Signers of the 2024 Statement/ Letter to the UN Human Rights Council // Firmantes de la Declaración/ Carta 2024 al Consejo de Derechos Humanos de la ONU
HUMAN RIGHTS EXPERTS AND ACTIVISTS, INITIAL SIGNATORIES / EXPERTOS EN DERECHOS HUMANOS Y ACTIVISTAS, FIRMANTES INICIALES
Alfred de Zayas, Professor of International Law at the Geneva School of Diplomacy and a former UN Independent Expert on International Order (2012-2018)
Margaret Flowers, M.D., Co-Coordinator of the International Coalition to Stop Genocide in Palestine; Director of Popular Resistance
Luis Suarez-Villa, Professor of Social Ecology, of Planning Policy and Design, and of Technology Studies at the University of California, Irvine, USA
Curtis FJ Doebbler, Research Professor of Law at the University of Makeni and proprietor of The Law Office of Dr Curtis FJ Doebbler
Ann Wright, Former US Army Colonel and Diplomat, peace activist with CODEPINK
S. Brian Willson, Nicaragua, lawyer, human rights activist and Veteran for Peace
Dan Kovalik, human rights lawyer and author, Council on Hemispheric Affairs (COHA), Pittsburgh, PA, United States
Sara Flounders, Co-director, International Action Center, editor of ‘Sanctions: A wrecking ball in the global economy’
Camilo Mejia, Nicaraguan, former Amnesty International Prisoner of Conscience
Ajamu Baraka, Chair of the Coordinating Committee of the Black Alliance for Peace
OTHER NOTABLE PERSONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS EXPERTS / OTRAS PERSONALIDADES Y EXPERTOS EN DERECHOS HUMANOS
(Alphabetical order by last name, with organizational affiliation, if any, for ID purposes) / (Orden alfabético por apellido, con afiliación organizativa, si la hubiera, a efectos de identificación)
Suzanne Adely, President, National Lawyers Guild
Arnold August, author, journalist and lecturer
Max Blumenthal, author and journalist
Jorge Capelán, journalist and political analyst
Fabrizio Casari, director of the online magazine Altrenotizie.org
Sofia M Clark d’Escoto, Politóloga
Don DeBar, journalist
Joe Emersberger, author and journalist
William Grigsby Vado, Radio La Primerísima / APRANIC
Bill Hackwell, editor of Resumen Latinoamericano in English
Charlotte Kates, Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network
Caleb Maupin, Journalist, Founder of the Center for Political Innovation
Monica Moorehead, Workers World managing editor
Ben Norton, journalist and analyst, Geopolitical Economy.com
Jesus Rodriguez-Espinoza, editor, Orinoco Tribune
Ismael Sánchez Castillo, Concejal en el Ayuntamiento de Sevilla. Ex-diputado del Parlamento de Andalucía (España)
Cindy Sheehan, Peace and social justice advocate, Cindy Sheehan’s Soapbox
David Swanson, Executive Director, World Beyond War
Roger Waters, co-founder of Pink Floyd, Musicians for BDS
OTHER KNOWN ACTIVISTS
(Alphabetical order by last name, with organizational affiliation, if any, for ID purposes) / (Orden alfabético por apellido, con afiliación organizativa, si la hubiera, a efectos de identificación)
Ellen E Barfield, Casa Baltimore/Limay, Veterans for Peace
Judith Bello, United National Antiwar Coalition (UNAC)
Alison Bodine, Fire This Time Movement for Social Justice – Canada
William Camacaro, Alliance for Global Justice / Alberto Lovera Bolivarian Circle
Jill Clark-Gollub, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Gerry Condon, board member, Veterans For Peace; Task Force on the Americas
Camila Escalante, Canadian journalist, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Netfa Freeman, Black Alliance for Peace & Pan-African Community Action
Graham Harrington, International Secretary, Communist Party of Ireland
Christopher Helali, Party of Communists USA
Julie Lamin, Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign Action Group (NSCAG)
Barbara Larcom, Casa Baltimore/Limay, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Coleen Littlejohn, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Joe Lombardo, United National Antiwar Coalition (UNAC)
Nan McCurdy, United Methodist Church, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Rebecca Benedict Mohally Renk, Casa Benjamin Linder, Jubilee House Community, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Frederick Morris, United Methodist Church
Luci Murphy, DC-MD-VA Branch of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom
Janet Pavone, artist, muralist, activist and educator
John Perry, Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign, UK, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Paul Pumphrey, Friends of The Congo
Patricia Salome Quintero Cabrales, Coordinadora Latinoamerica de Solidaridad en Bélgica
Louise Richards, Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign Action Group (NSCAG)
Dr. Suzanne Ross, Member, Congregation B’nai Jeshurun, United Federation of Teachers, International Concerned Family and Friends of Mumia Abu-Jamal
Leslie Salgado, Friends of Latin America
Natalia Burdyńska Schuurman, Alliance for Global Justice, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Stansfield Smith, Chicago ALBA Solidarity, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
ORGANIZATIONAL SIGNATORIES / ORGANIZACIONES FIRMANTES
(Alphabetical by organization name, with name(s) of signing individual(s))
ACATS, signed by Arturo Borges Álamo
ADDICTED To WAR, signed by Frank Dorrel
Alba GRanada Norte de Africa, signed by Sinia beigassan
Alberto Lovera Bolivarian Circle, signed by William Camacaro
All-African People’s Revolutionary Party, signed by Banbose Shango
Alliance for Global Justice, signed by Eduardo Garcia, Katherine Hoyt, and William Camacaro
Altrenotizie.org, signed by Fabrizio Casari
Asociación HATUN YACHAY, signed by Betsy Giovanna Cuti Muñoz
Benedictine University faculty senate, signed by Dr. F Taylor
Brigada Rubén Darío, signed by Gabriel Gil Luján, Ramon Pedret Ventura, and Beatriz Vázquez Vázquez
Bristol Link with Nicaragua, signed by Alix Hughes
Bronx Antiwar Coalition, signed by Dee Knight
Casa Baltimore/Limay, signed by Carol Berman and Barbara Larcom
Casa Benjamin Linder, signed by Rebecca Benedict Mohally Renk
CDN Peace Congress, signed by Larry Wasslen (President)
CEB San Pablo Apóstol, Managua, signed by Yamil Alberto Ríos Acuña
Center for Global Studies, signed by Lee Artz
CES-RPS Madrid, signed by Jesús Jiménez Martínez
Chicago ALBA Solidarity, signed by Stansfield Smith
Church Women United in New York State, signed by Mary Smith
Circulos Allendista Dinamarca, signed by Brenda Castillo Godines
Colectivo Profesionales por el Socialismo, signed by Hugo Farias Moya
Communist Party of Ireland, signed by Jimmy Corcoran
Communist Party USA, signed by Cynthia Farquhar
CONAICOP.Costa Rica, signed by Jose Ramirez
Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG), signed by Xosé Luís Rivera Jácome
Coordinadora Latinoamerica de Solidaridad en Bélgica, signed by Patricia Salome Quintero Cabrales
Irish Chapter, La Red en Defensa de la Humanidad, signed by Aaron Kelly, Coordinator
CPUSA, Baltimore club, signed by Cindy Farquhar
DC-MD-VA Branch of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, signed by Luci Murphy
Diáspora Pa’lante Collective, signed by Brianna Alvarado Ramos
Doctors4Detroit, signed by Cheryl LaBash
Echoes of Silence/ Ecos del Silencio, signed by Paul Baker
Fire This Time Movement for Social Justice – Canada, signed by Alison Bodine
Frente Antiimeprialista Internacionalista, signed by Manuel Pardo
Friends of ATC, signed by Erika Takeo
Friends of Latin America, signed by Leslie Salgado
Friends of The Congo, signed by Paul Pumphrey
Friendship Office of the Americas, signed by Jennifer Atlee
Genesee Valley Citizens for Peace, signed by Arnold Matlin and Margaret Matlin
Green Party of Florida, signed by Jennifer Sullivan
Green Renaissance – Sovereign Rights Movement, signed by Gloria Guillo
International Action Center, signed by Sara Flounders
International Institute for the Study of Cuba, signed by Stephen Wilkinson
InterReligious Task Force on Central America (IRTF), signed by C Stonebraker-Martinez
Jubilee House Community, signed by Rebecca Benedict Mohally Renk
Knowledgepanel, signed by Dwayne Thomas
Latin America Solidarity Committee –Milwaukee, signed by Babette Grunow
Llagostera Solidària, signed by Rafel Villena
Los Ronderos de las Redes, signed by Paolo Cruzalegui
Make Earth Green Again, signed by Paul Baker
Maui Peace Action, signed by Mele Stokesberry
Mexico Solidarity Forum, UK, signed by David Lander Raby
Midwestern Marx Institute, signed by Danny Shaw
Move To Amend, signed by Michael Karsh
Multnomah Monthly Meeting of Quakers, signed by Shannon Perry
Neighbors for Peace–Evanston/Chicago, signed by Timothea Papas
New Creation Community Presbyterian Church, signed by Stephanie Berry
Nicaragua Center for Community Action, signed by Diana Bohn
Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign Action Group (NSCAG), signed by Julie Lamin and Louise Richards
Nicaragua Solidarity Ireland, signed by Ellen Brien
Nicaragüenses por la Paz Zaragoza, signed by Joakin Alfonso Marin
Ongd AFRICANDO, signed by Daniel Perez
Organization for the Victory of the People, Guyana, signed by Dr. Gerald A. Perreira
Orinoco Tribune, signed by Jesus Rodriguez-Espinoza
Party of Communists USA, signed by Christopher Helali
PC PERUANO, signed by Vito Saavedra
PCB Bolivia, signed by Norah Mamani
Peace & Justice Task Force, All Souls Unitarian of NYC, signed by Mary Dugan
Peace Action WI, signed by Pamela Richard
Portland Central America Solidarity Committee (PCASC), signed by Jack Herbert
Racine Coalition for Peace & Justice, signed by Elaine Marie Kinch
Radio La Primerísima / APRANIC, signed by William Grigsby Vado
Rochester Committee for Latin America (ROCLA), signed by Arnold Matlin
Rock Against the Fascist State, signed by Ed Broomfield
RocUbuntu, signed by Cheryl Frank
Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network, signed by Charlotte Kates
SOA Watch Austin, signed by Kenneth Hayes
SOARPAL, signed by Jaume Soler i Pastells
Taos Amistad ~ ¡por la paz!, signed by Kathryn Albrecht
Task Force on the Americas, signed by Roger Harris and David Paul
Thomas Legal, signed by Andrew Thomas
Tortilla con Sal media collective, signed by Stephen Sefton
Ubuntu Freedom, signed by YahNé Ndgo
United National Antiwar Coalition (UNAC), signed by Joe Lombardo
Vermont Peace/Antiwar Coalition, signed by Duncan Nichols
Western New York Peace Center, signed by Victoria Ross
Workers World Party, signed by Maureen Skehan
Yoga For Peace, Justice, Harmony With the Planet – Amazing Amy: Eccentric Yoga Entertainer, signed by Amy Harlib
REMAINING INDIVIDUAL SIGNERS / RESTO DE FIRMANTES INDIVIDUALES
(Alphabetical order by last name, with organizational affiliation, if any, for ID purposes) / (Orden alfabético por apellido, con afiliación organizativa, si la hubiera, a efectos de identificación)
Maykoe Abaunza
Stephen P. Abbott
Carmen Abellán Martínez
Edward Acosta
Lars Adestedt
Eric (Bear) Albrecht, Veterans for Peace
Kathryn Albrecht, Taos Amistad ~ ¡por la paz!
Adela Alcázar González
Verónica Alemán Gutiérrez
Jameela Alexander, All African People’s Revolutionary Party/ All African People’s Women’s Revolutionary Union and Black Alliance for Peace
José María Alfaya González
Joaquín Domingo Alfonso Marín, Comité de Solidaridad Internacionalista de Zaragoza
Juan José Anaya Fuertes, Frente Antiimperialista Internacionalista
Massimo Angelilli
Joshua Angelus
Mike Antoniades
Lee Artz, Center for. Global Studies
Dave Auger, UNISON
L. Bagley
Lieve Bain, Metro Justice
Thomas Bain
Paul Baker, Make Earth Green Again, Echoes of Silence
Roger Baker
Gordon Philip Baldwin
Michael Gerald Ballin
Norma Balmaceda
Aurora Elena Baltodano Toledo
Petros Bein, BAP, UPP, SOR, YPP
Maria Antonia Benavent Dalmau, Soarpal
Derek Benedict
Natalie Benelli, ALBA Suiza
David Benetó Sanz
Gregorio Benito Aragoneses
Peter Berkowitz
Carol Berman, Casa Baltimore/Limay
Stephanie Berry, New Creation Community Presbyterian Church
Jonah Blaustein
Mary Boite
Joy Ellen Booth, Friends of Latin America (FoLA)
Dave Boothe
Arturo Borges Álamo, ACATS
Luz Boutureira Sánchez
Carissa Bramds
Charles Britz
David Brookbank, Sr., Party for Socialism and Liberation (PSL)
David Brookbank Jr.
Eric Brooks
Ed Broomfield, Rock Against the Fascist State
Rebecca Brown (name used for published writing is Ore)
Paul Bruce
Rafael Bueno González, Frente Antiimperialista Internacionalista
Mary Bunting
Keith Burke
Richard Burrill, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Carlos José Cabezas Mora
Ray Cage
M. Victoria Calvo Pérez
Richard Capiccioni
Allison Cardon
Marilyn Carlisle, Casa Baltimore/Limay
Francesc Castanyer Sugranyes, Soarpal
Brenda Castillo Godines, Circulos Allendista Dinamarca
Jeremy Cerna
Vicki Cervantes
Krista Chan
Claudia Chaufan
Gloria Chiaratti, Ass. la comune Luigi Bottasini
Courtney Childs
William Chorneau, Friends of the ATC
Kathryn Christian
Jan Clausen
Barbara Clawson
Edgar Antonio Contreras Laguna
Roger Cosso i Jornet
Nancy Cowger, self
Alex Cox
Richard Creswell
G Maria Cristini
Diana Crowson
Paolo Cruzalegui, Los Ronderos de las Redes
Alice Curteis
Silvio Saborio D’Arbelles
Nicolas J S Davies, CODEPINK
Gustavo de la Torre Morales
Kathleen Densmore
Jack DePalma
Pat Deppen, Black Alliance for Peace Solidarity Network; Stand Up for Racial Justice
Jordan Deskins
Manuel Díaz Villaécija, Partido Comunista de España
Antonio Diego Gonzalez
Steve Ditore
Dennis DiTullio
Paul Dix
María del Carmen Domínguez Luque, FAI (Frente Antiimperialista Internacionalista)
Frank Dorrel, ADDICTED To WAR
Luis Dorticos
Lucy Duff, Peace Action
Helen Duffy, Nicaraguan Solidarity Coalition
Mary Dugan, Member, Peace & Justice Task Force, All Souls Unitarian of NYC
Neil Dunaetz
Wendy Ebersberger
Bernie Eisenberg
Dick Thomas Emanuelsson, reportero-periodista en Latinoamérica
Gary Erb
Xiomara Esquivel Vargas, AUNA
André Fadda, Sindicalista de la CGT de Francia
Hugo Farias Moya, Colectivo Profesionales por el Socialismo
Navid Farnia
John M. Feeney
Manuel Ferreira Fernandes
Victor Figueroa
Raven Finn
Allan Fisher
Lawrence Fisk, Brainerd Area Coalition for Peace
Jayna Fleming
Katherine Floerke
Leonardo Flores
Kiana Fok
Peter Foreman
Nancy Foster Renk
Travis Frampton
Cheryl Frank, RocUbuntu
Buhl Frederique
Mark Friedman
Eustace Frilingos, International Action Center
Giulio Fuganti
Mario Galvan, Sacramento Area Peace Action
Carlos Orlando García Montano
Tom Gardner, World Beyond War Montreal
Marlene Garrity
Judith Geller
Nicolette Gianella
Laura Gibney
Mark M Giese
Gabriel Gil Luján, Brigada Rubén Darío
Kay Gimbel, CASC
Amaia Gini
Mark Ginsburg, (SF) Bay Area Cuba Solidarity Network
Janice Gintzler
Wolf Goehring
Robert Gold
Beth Ann Goldring
Cymry Gomery
Socorro Gomez
María Rosario González Torres
Michael S Goodman
Bruce Greif
Martha Grevatt, UAW Local 869
Dirk Groenenberg
William Grosh
Babette Grunow, Latin America Solidarity Committee –Milwaukee
Gloria Guillo, Green Renaissance – Sovereign Rights Movement
Ari Gutman
Aliya Haer
Scott Hagaman, Friends of Latin America (FoLA)
Alison Hannan
Amy Harlib, Yoga For Peace, Justice, Harmony With the Planet – Amazing Amy: Eccentric Yoga Entertainer
Vikki Harper
Roger Harris, Task Force on the Americas
Diane Haugesag
Kenneth Hayes, SOA Watch Austin
Bob Heaney
Odile Hélier
Linda Helland
Jane Hendley, Womens International League For Peace and Freedom
Jack Herbert, Portland Central America Solidarity Committee (PCASC)
Hollis Higgins, Veterans For Peace, Spokane Chapter #35
Karl Hildenbrand
Sean Holder
Mark Hollinrake
Katherine Hoyt, Alliance for Global Justice
Alix Hughes, Bristol Link with Nicaragua
Anne Huibregtse
Hobart Hukill
Lekx Imers
Svenja Ipsen
Janet Irwin
Adam Isaac
Matthew Iskra
Paula M Jackson
Everett Jaros
Astrid Jarvis
Jesús Jiménez Martínez, CES-RPS Madrid
Judith Sian Jones
Michael Karsh, Move To Amend
Aaron Kelly, Coordinator, Irish Chapter, La Red en Defensa de la Humanidad
Jennifer Kidman
Elaine Marie Kinch, Racine Coalition for Peace & Justice
Greg Klave
Dee Knight, Bronx Antiwar Coalition
Richard A. Kohn
Fred Koster
Guillermo Kuhl
Roger Kulp
Sajeev Kumar, Communist Party of Ireland
Rudi Kurz, Nicaragua-Forum Heidelberg
Sharon Kusmirek
Cheryl LaBash, Doctors4Detroit
Susan Lagos, Alliance for Global Justice, Nicaragua Solidarity Coalition
Caterina Lai Cullinane
Greg LaMotta
Lynn C. Lang
Bill Lankford
Magda Lanuza
Yader Lanuza
Emily Lanxner
Laurie Larson
Tim Lauby
C. Law
Jabari Lawrence
Barbara Laxon
Mary Lebert
Kenneth Lederman
Elizabeth Lee, MAWO
Amanda Legarreta
Gil Leib
James Levy
Guy Liston
Steve Livingston, Chicago Antiwar Coalition
Robin Lloyd, WILPF
Sharon Logan
Miquel López Ibàñez
Betty Lotterman
Yorlis Gabriela Luna Delgado, Red de Guardianes de Abejas de Mesoamérica
Nancy Lyles
Michael Lynn, Chicago Area Peace Action
Cassandra Lyons
Michael MacCubbin
Karter MacLean
Elle Maier
Miguel Mairena, United Methodist Church
Martha Isabel Mairena Vásquez
Toni Makinaw
Norah Mamani, PCB Bolivia
Patrizia Manzo Apice, Casal de Cuba Bcn
Abraham Marquez
Jill Marshall
Arnold Matlin, Genesee Valley Citizens for Peace, Rochester Committee for Latin America (ROCLA)
Margaret Matlin, Genesee Valley Citizens for Peace, Rochester Committee for Latin America (ROCLA)
Teri Mattson
John McCarthy, Center for Political Innovation
Daniel Mccurdy, solidarity activist
Declan McKenna
Heidi McLean
Fiona McOwan, Scottish Greens, WILPF UK
Juan Carlos Medrano Córdoba
Hans Anton Meitzner
Larry Mellick
Judith Mencia
Isabel Mendoza Delgadillo
Maria Jesus Miguez Vazquez
James Miller
Kerby Miller
Gerry Milliken
Andrew Mills, Witness for Peace
Eric Mills
Frederick Mills, Ph.D.
Safia Miskell, Genesee Valley Citizens for Peace
Larry Mjolsness
Orlando Enrique Mora
Anaisa Morales
Lenin Morales
Dan Mosby
Gail Mott
Francis Moulton
Martin Mowforth, —
Thomas Muhr, ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Portugal
Michelle Munjanattu, Friends of the ATC
Rachel Munoz
Molly Murdey, DSA
Kathleen Murdock
Alejandrina Murphy, OWS/Occupy the Future aka Alternative Banking
Elizabeth Murray, Veteran Intelligence Professionals for Sanity
Robert Murray
Carroll Nast
Pilar Navarro Rico
George Naylor
YahNé Ndgo, Ubuntu Freedom
John Nettleton
Duncan Nichols, Vermont Peace/Antiwar Coalition
Gayle Nielsen
Jarl Nilsson
Tomas Nuñez Cano
Claudia O’Brien Moscoso, Black Alliance for Peace
Lucienne O’Keefe
Douglas Olson, Brainerd Area Coalition for Peace-Brainerd Lakes United Environmentalists (BACP-BLUE)
Mario Ordonez Sáenz
Marvin Ortega Rodriguez, Comite de Barrio
Tim Oxton
Timothea Papas, Neighbors for Peace–Evanston/Chicago
Manuel Pardo, Frente Antiimeprialista Internacionalista
Raymond Parker
Patricia Patrick, New Creation Community Presbyterian Church
George Pauk M.D.
David Paul, Sanctions Kill campaign
Maria Pauthner
Ramon Pedregal Casanova
Ramon Pedret Ventura, Brigada Rubén Darío
Jerry Pendergast, US-El Salvador Sister Cities
Giselle Perdomo
Daniel Perez, Ongd AFRICANDO
Dr. Gerald A. Perreira, Organization for the Victory of the People, Guyana
Shannon Perry, Multnomah Monthly Meeting of Quakers
Kathy Peterson
James Phillips
Jo-Ann Pilardi
Adrienne Pine
Jordi Planas Bosch
James Poke
Marvin Prado
Virginia Pratt
Gary Prevost, Nelson Mandela University (South Africa)
George Prudent
Avery Raimondo
Anita Rapone
Arlene Reed, Peace Lutheran, Danville, CA – Partnership with Laurel Galan, San Francisco Libre, Nicaragua for over 30 plus years (1992-2024)
David Reed
Tom Renk
N. Rice
Pamela Richard, Peace Action WI
Yamil Alberto Ríos Acuña, CEB San Pablo Apóstol, Managua
Xosé Luís Rivera Jácome, Confederación Intersindical Galega (CIG)
Lynn Robinson, Baltimore Peace Action and Casa Baltimore-Limay
Maryann Roby
Brent Rocks
José Joaquín Rodes Roca, Frente Antiimperialista Internacionalista
Jose Emilio Rodriguez Sandival, Independiente
Luis Rodríguez Sanz
Martin Roger
Jelica Roland
Silvia Román Zurita
Ryan Ross, AFTNM
Victoria Ross, Western New York Peace Center
Richard Rothschiller
Benjamin Rubinstein, Independent Journalist
Kenneth Ruby, individual
Carlos Ruiz
Patricia Katharina Ruíz Espinoza
Alejandro Rusconi, Movimiento Evita
Jessica Ryan, DSA
Timothy Ryan
Vito Saavedra, PC Peruano
Libre X. Sankara
Mario Santos
Monika Schiffer, Nicaragua Education and Culture Trust
Martha Schmidt, National Lawyers Guild
Ginny Schneider
Arlene Schutz
Peter Schutz
Stephen Sefton, Tortilla con Sal media collective
Sofia Sevilla
Wilber Sevilla
Banbose Shango, All-African People’s Revolutionary Party
Danny Shaw, Midwestern Marx Institute
Maureen Sheahan
Ty Shlackman
Robert Siegel
Neysha Sima
Ludi Simpson, Professor of Population Studies, volunteer for community twinning with Nicaragua
Bala Sithamparapillai, CPC
Mairead Skehan Gillis, Workers World Party
Julie Skelton
Harry Smaller, York University
Eleanor Smedberg, Young People for Progress
Elizabeth Smith, CJME
Mark Smith
Mary Smith, Church Women United in New York State
Marie Söderqvist, Swedish-Cuban Association
Natalie Sokoloff
Jaume Soler i Pastells, SOARPAL
Sonia Solís
Favio Rene Solis Ponce
Tammy Spengler, Friends of Latin America (FoLA)
Lara Spurr, Communist Party of Great Britain- Marxist Leninist
Stan Squires
Catherine Stanford
Rick Sterling
Mele Stokesberry, Maui Peace Action
Roger Stoll
C Stonebraker-Martinez, InterReligious Task Force on Central America (IRTF)
Susan Stout
Fred Strange
Anne Streeter
Andrine Stricherz
Ronald Stubbs
Jennifer Sullivan, Green Party of Florida spokesperson
John Surinchak
Rev. James Swarts, Veterans For Peace, Chapter 23
Selina Sweet
Elise Tak
Alison Takeo
Erika Takeo
Claribeth Teran
María Aracelli Terán Gómez
Andrew Thomas, Thomas Legal
Dwayne Thomas, Knowledgepanel
Phoebe Thomas Sorgen, BFUU Social Justice Committee
Michael Thompson, CPUSA
Zoltan Tiroler
Rona Topaz
Hernan Torres Narvaez
José Maria Torres Perez, Comité Europeo de Solidaridad con la Revolución Popular Sandinista
Frederick Trost, Pastor (retired)
Adam Uminski
Harold Francisco Urbina Cruz
Eduardo Valdez García, Comunidad Eclesial de Base San Pablo Apóstol
Juan Alberto Valdez Rodríguez
Richard Van Aken
Beatriz Vázquez Vázquez, Brigada Rubén Darío
Agustín Velloso Santisteban
Michal Venglar
Jacqueline Villagomez
Juana Villareyna
Angela Damaris Villegas Flores, Nicaraguense
Rafel Villena, Llagostera Solidària
Simon Wallace
Peter Warner
Joseph Wasserman
Larry Wasslen, CDN Peace Congress (President)
Andrew Waterworth, Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign Action Group (NSCAG – UK)
Jay Watts, Mexico Solidarity Media
Betsie Weil
Stephen Weil
Bonnie Weiss
Virginia Wenslaff, Sacramento Action for Latin America
Clive Weston
Nicholas Stephen Whytock, Nicaragua Solidarity Campaign Action Group
Stephen Wilkinson, International Institute for the Study of Cuba
Michael Winks
Michael Earl Woodard
Sarah Junkin Woodard
Theodosia Woods
Lynn Wright, New Creation Community Presbyterian Church
Nancy Wright, Friends of Latin America
Gayle Wulk, New Creation Community Presbyterian Church
Jim Yarbrough
Crystal Zevon, Code Pink
